This is the History research for all of you lazy people. In the comments I'll first give you my summary, and then the information I found. Please at least reword the information. You also don't need all of it, only the things that happened in the 19 hundreds, the rest is extra.
Bribing isn't compulsory but is nice.
Monday, 11 May 2009
Posted by Ye Shall Be Gods at 16:25
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Greenwood, Mississippi
• One of the sparks that set off the Civil Rights Movement occurred near Greenwood in 1955. A 14 year-old African American named Emmett Till was murdered, it was alleged that he wolf-whistled at a white woman who was the wife of a Bryant’s Grocery. (Money Mississippi, eight miles north from Greenwood.)
• The area was the first place were the voter registration organized by SNCC/COFO began. It happened in the Spring of 1962.
• 1964. The Mississippi Freedom Summer and many civil right volunteers worked in Greenwood registering African American to vote.
• When released from being jailed in Greenwood, the chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Stokely Carmichael made his famous Black Power speech.
• The first African-American church to be build in the area, was Wesley United Methodist, it was build in downtown Greenwood in 1870
Greenwood.
Wesley United Methodist in downtown Greenwood was organized in 1870 and is the area’s oldest African-American church.
Many consider the catalyst of the Civil Rights movement to be the 1955 murder of Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African-American from Chicago, who allegedly wolf-whistled at a white store owner’s wife at Bryant’s Grocery in Money, Mississippi, eight miles north of Greenwood.
The Mississippi Freedom Summer came to Greenwood in 1964, and numerous Civil Rights volunteers worked to register African-Americans to vote.
In 1966, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) chairman Stokely Carmichael made his famous Black Power speech after being released from jail for protesting in Greenwood.
In the Spring of 1962, with funds from the Voter Education Project, SNCC/COFO began voter registration organizing in the Mississippi Delta area around Greenwood
Philadelphia, Mississippi
There is one main event connected with civil rights in Philadelphia, and that is the event that inspired the film Mississippi Burning. During the Freedom Summer three civil rights workers were murdered, they were buried six miles southwest of Philadelphia. They were:
James Chaney (21, black, from Meridian, Mississippi.), Andrew Goodman (20, white, Jewish and an anthropology student from New York.), and Michael Schwerner (24, white, Jewish, a CORE leader and former social worker from New York). The murders were done by the Ku Klux Klan.
Philadelphia
The Mississippi Civil Rights Workers Murders involved the 1964 slayings of three political activists during the American Civil Rights Movement.
The murders of James Chaney, a 21-year-old black man from Meridian, Mississippi; Andrew Goodman, a 20-year-old white Jewish anthropology student from New York; and Michael Schwerner, a 24-year-old white Jewish CORE organizer and former social worker also from New York, symbolized the risks of participating in the Civil Rights Movement in the South during what became known as "Freedom Summer", dedicated to voter registration.
n August 4. They were buried in an earthen dam on Olen Burrage's Old Jolly Farm, six miles southwest of Philadelphia, Mississippi.
-inspired Mississippi burning
Stone Mountain, Georgia
• The largest bas relief sculpture in the world is in Stone Mountain, it depicts the three Confederate leaders of the Civil War: President Jefferson Davis and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson (it also shows their favorite horses: "Blackjack," "Traveller," and "Little Sorrel,". Official the carving was considered complete on March 3, 1972.
• Stone Mountain also holds an important part in the History of the Ku Klux Klan, it was there that the Klan was revived. It happened on November 25, 1915, it was lead by William J. Simmons, the oath was administered by Nathan Bedford Forrest II, the grandson of the original Imperial Grand Wizard and witnessed by Samuel Venable the owner of stone mountain at the time.
• Martin Luther King Jr, mentions Stone Mountains in his speech ‘I have a dream’, he says: “Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.”
Stone Mountain Georgia
The largest bas relief sculpture in the world, the Confederate Memorial Carving depicts three Confederate leaders of the Civil War, President Jefferson Davis and Generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson (and their favorite horses, "Blackjack," "Traveller," and "Little Sorrel," respectively).
The carving was considered complete[2] on March 3, 1972.
On November 25, 1915, The Ku Klux Klan was revived there They were led by William J. Simmons, and they included a group calling itself the Knights of Mary Phagan. he oath was administered by Nathan Bedford Forrest II, the grandson of the original Imperial Grand Wizard, Gen. Nathan B. Forrest, and was witnessed by the owner of Stone Mountain, Samuel Venable.
In his “I have a dream speech” Martin Luther King Jr mentioned the place: “Let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.”
Dallas, Texas
• In 1860 a fire broke out in the town square destroying most of the buildings in the business district. Residents assumed slaves were to blame, three African Americans were hanged and all other slaves were ordered to be whipped.
• After the war African Americans flocked to Dallas due to its prosperity. Because of that many white people became fearful and the Ku Klux Klan appeared in the town/city by 1868.
• The Klan’s national office was established in Dallas.
• Robert George “Bobby” Seale was born in Dallas, he’s an civil rights activist, revolutionary and co-founded the Black Panther Party For Self Defense on October 15, 1966.
Dallas Texas
In July 1860, a fire broke out in the square, destroying most of the buildings in the business district of Dallas. Many residents assumed that slaves were behind it and two abolitionists were run out of town. Three African-American slaves were hung, and all other slaves in Dallas were ordered to be whipped. In 1861, Dallas County voted 741-237 in favor of secession.
Many African Americans came to Dallas after the war because the city was still prosperous compared to many other Southern cities. Freedmen's towns were scattered throughout Dallas and many whites became fearful — the Ku Klux Klan first appeared in the city in 1868. By 1871, Dallas legally became a city
he national Klan office was finally established in Dallas, Texas,
Robert George "Bobby" Seale[1] (born October 22, 1936, in Dallas, Texas), is an American civil rights activist, and revolutionary, who along with Huey P. Newton, co-founded the Black Panther Party For Self Defense on October 15, 1966.
Atlanta, Georgia
• Clack Atlanta University is one of the historically black colleges and was organized by the Freedman’s Bureau.
• Martin Luther King was born in Atlanta on January 15, 1929.Benjamin Mays as a president of Morehouse College guided many students including Martin Luther King, Jr. and Julian Bond.
• The same year of Martin Luther Kings death, Mrs. King established the King Center in Atlanta dedicated to preserve his legacy.
• Several groups including NAACP supported the fight in Atlanta over giving teachers equal pay.
Atlanta Georgia
Clark Atlanta University, was organized by the Freedman's Bureau, historically black colleges
Martin Luther King, Jr., was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia.
The same year that Martin Luther King was assassinated, Mrs. King established the King Center in Atlanta, Georgia, dedicated to preserving his legacy and the work of championing nonviolent conflict resolution and tolerance worldwide.
The Atlanta Citizens Committee for the Equalization of Teacher Pay, the Atlanta branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and Atlanta Life Insurance Company, an Auburn Avenue business, support the fight for equal pay for black and white teachers. When William Reeves, a junior high school teacher, files a lawsuit to demand equal pay, Atlanta Life offers to pay the salary of any teacher who loses a job because of protest.
Benjamin Mays comes to Atlanta as the new president of Morehouse College (1940-1967). During his tenure, he becomes known as the "schoolmaster of the civil rights movement" because he helps to mold the intellect and character of many of the students destined to be leaders in the fight for social change, including Martin Luther King, Jr. and Julian Bond.
Little Rock, Arkansas
• Little Rock, Arkansas was the home and possible head quarters of the Women of the Ku Klux Klan.
• The main part of Little Rock’s history that’s concerns the civil right movement occurred in Little Rock Central High School. Due to the laws declaring segregation in schools unconstitutional the school was forced to allow nine black students to enter into it’s elite environment. The student were faced with mobs of white people and the authorities had to resort to giving them protection.
• Daisy Bates, in 1952 was elected to be the president of the Arkansas State Conference of NAACP branches. She guided and advised the nine black student within Little Rock Central High School who became known as Little Rock Nine. She played a leading role in the Little Rock integration crisis of 1957.
Little Rock, Arkansas
Arkansas becomes the 25th state, and Little Rock became the official capital city.
Little Rock, Arkansas was the home of the Women of the Ku Klux Klan.
Little Rock Central High School in 1957-58.
In 1952, Daisy Bates was elected president of the Arkansas State Conference of NAACP branches. Bates guided and advised the nine students, known as the Little Rock Nine, when they attempted to enroll at Little Rock Central High School, a previously all white school, in 1957. (November 11, 1914 in Huttig, Arkansas – November 4, 1999 in Little Rock, Arkansas) was an American civil rights leader, journalist, publisher, and author who played a leading role in the Little Rock integration crisis of 1957.
In the summer of 1957, the city of Little Rock, Arkansas, made plans to desegregate its public schools. Within a week of the 1954 landmark Supreme Court decision striking down racial segregation in public schools, Arkansas was one of two Southern states to announce it would begin immediately to take steps to comply with the new "law of the land." Arkansas' law school had been integrated since 1949. By 1957, seven of its eight state universities had desegregated. Blacks had been appointed to state boards and elected to local offices.
Little Rock felt it could break down the barriers of segregation in its schools with a carefully developed program. It had already desegregated its public buses, as well as its zoo, library and parks system. Its school board had voted unanimously for a plan, starting with desegregation in the high school in 1957, followed by junior high schools the next year and elementary schools following.
But the smooth transition to the school system's integration was not to be.
On September 2, the night before school was to start, Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus called out the state's National Guard to surround Little Rock Central High School and prevent any black students from entering in order to protect citizens and property from possible violence by protesters he claimed were headed in caravans toward Little Rock.
A federal judge granted an injunction against the Governor's use of National Guard troops to prevent integration and they were withdrawn on September 20.
When school resumed on Monday, September 23, Central High was surrounded by Little Rock policemen. About 1,000 people gathered in front of the school. The police escorted the nine black students to a side door where they quietly entered the building as classes were to begin. When the mob learned the blacks were inside, they began to challenge the police and surge toward the school with shouts and threats. Fearful the police would be unable to control the crowd, the school administration moved the black students out a side door before noon.
U.S. Congressman Brooks Hays and Little Rock Mayor Woodrow Mann asked the federal government for help, first in the form of U.S. marshals. Finally, on September 24, Mann sent a telegram to President Eisenhower requesting troops. They were dispatched that day and the President also federalized the entire Arkansas National Guard, taking it away from the Governor.
On September 25, 1957, the nine black students entered the school under the protection of 1,000 members of the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Army.
The year that followed was one in which the eyes of the world were focused on America as Little Rock Central High School went through its first year of integration, ending on May 27, 1958, with commencement ceremonies for 601 graduating seniors, including Ernest Green, the school's first black graduate. Inside the school, the great majority of the 2,000 students, the faculty and the administration worked to put the law of the land into effect. For every act of harassment, there were 100 acts of acceptance of the black students among the white. Though not all the white students favored desegregation, they felt it was their duty to obey the law. Besides, their priority was to get a first-class education...and many helped the black students try to achieve the same thing, even though they were faced with pressures that were very difficult for teenagers to comprehend.
Birmingham, Alabama
• The civil rights movement activists within Birmingham were led Fred Shuttlesworth. He was also of the co-founder of SCLC Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
• There was a string of racially motivated bombings that earned the town it’s unflattering nickname of Bombingham.
• In 1963 with the help of Martin Luther King, Shuttlesworth organized Project C (for Confrontation), which was a massive assault on the Jim Crow system. During May and April sit-ins and marches were organized and lead and were met wish with police repression, tear gas, attack dogs, fire hoses, and arrests. In the end the campaign was successful ending segregation of public accommodation in Birmingham, and leading to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
• Another well known event is the bombing at 16th Street Baptist Church in which four black girls were killed. The event inspired Dudley Randall to create The Ballad of Birmingham and jazz musician John Coltrane's song ‘Alabama’
Birmingham Alabama
Birmingham received national and international attention as a center of the civil rights struggle for African-Americans
movement's activists were led by Fred Shuttlesworth,
notably a string of racially motivated bombings that earned Birmingham the derisive nickname Bombingham. [5]
1963 when Shuttlesworth requested that Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), which Shuttlesworth had co-founded, come to Birmingham, where King had once been a pastor, to help end segregation. Together they launched "Project C" (for "Confrontation"), a massive assault on the Jim Crow system. During April and May daily sit-ins and mass marches organized and led by movement leader James Bevel were met with police repression, tear gas, attack dogs, fire hoses, and arrests. More than 3,000 people were arrested during these protests, almost all of them high-school age children. These protests were ultimately successful, leading not only to desegregation of public accommodations in Birmingham but also the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[6]
Birmingham is also known for a bombing which occurred later that year, in which four black girls were killed by a bomb planted at the 16th Street Baptist Church. The event would inspire the African-American poet Dudley Randall's opus, "The Ballad of Birmingham," as well as jazz musician John Coltrane's song, "Alabama."
Anniston, Alabama
• During the civil rights movement, a group known as the Freedom Riders was riding an integrated bus in protest of segregation laws. One of such buses was fire-bombed outside Anniston on May 14, 1961 (Mother’s Day). The mob, held the doors shut wanting to burn the riders to death, an exploding fuel tank forced the mob to retreat allowing the Riders to escape the bus. They were however beaten and the only reason for which they weren’t lynched was warning shots fired into the air by a highway patrolman.
• Anniston was the birth place of William Levi Dawson, who composed the Negro Folk Symphony. It was premiered in 1934.
Anniston Alabama
Anniston has been a center of national controversy in the past. During the American civil rights movement, a group known as the Freedom Riders was riding an integrated bus in protest of southern segregation laws. One of the buses was fire-bombed outside of Anniston on Mother's Day Sunday May 14, 1961. As the bus burned, the mob held the doors shut, intent on burning the riders to death. An exploding fuel tank caused the mob to retreat, allowing the riders to escape the bus. The Riders were viciously beaten as they fled the burning bus, and only warning shots fired into the air by highway patrolmen prevented the riders from being lynched on the spot. [6] The site is now home to a marker along Alabama Highway 202 west about five miles west of downtown.[7]
Anniston was the birth place of William Levi Dawson, composer of the Negro Folk Symphony, which was premiered by the Philadelphia Orchestra under the direction of Leopold Stokowski in 1934.
New Orleans Louisiana
• The White League was established in Louisiana as a paramilitary group in 1874.On September 14, 1874 overthrew and defeated the integrated Republican metropolitan police and their allies, they forced the William P. Kellogg government to leave installing John McEnery as Governor of Louisiana. Republican administration was reinstated in 3 day helped by the United States troops. White supremacists named the conflict "The Battle of Liberty Place".
• The state was one of the more advanced in the south concerning the segregation and racial issues. Many objections were raised when the authorities tried to enforce strict racial segregations. Those laws were tested by the Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896 that originated in Louisiana.
• When African American Robert Charles held off a group of arresting officers for days killing several on them, it lead to the Robert Charles Riots in July 1900. A white mob terrorized and killed a number of African Americans unconnected to Robert Charles. The riots ended when a group of white businessmen posted flyers saying that if the riots continued they would start passing out firearm to the coloured population for self-defense.
• In 1961 a meeting of the white businessmen leaders was held to endorse the desegregation of the city’s public schools.
• City Councilman Ernest N. Morial became the first person of African-American ancestry to be elected mayor of New Orleans in 1978.
New Orleans Louisiana
There was a major street riot of July 30, 1866, at the time of the meeting of the radical constitutional convention.
On September 14, 1874 armed forces led by the White League defeated the integrated Republican metropolitan police and their allies in pitched battle in the French Quarter and along Canal Street. The White League forced the temporary flight of the William P. Kellogg government, installing John McEnery as Governor of Louisiana. Kellogg and the Republican administration were reinstated in power 3 days later by United States troops. Early 20th century segregationists would celebrate the short-lived triumph of the White League as a victory for "white supremacy" and dubbed the conflict "The Battle of Liberty Place".
With a large educated "colored" population that had long interacted with the "white" population, racial attitudes were comparatively liberal for the deep south. Many in the city objected to the government of the State of Louisiana's attempt to enforce strict racial segregation, and hoped to overturn the law with a test case in 1892. The case found its way to the United States Supreme Court in 1896 as Plessy v. Ferguson which resulted in upholding segregation, which would be enforced with ever growing strictness for more than half a century.
The Robert Charles Riots occurred in July 1900. Well armed African-American Robert Charles held off a group of policemen who came to arrest him for days, killing several of them. A White mob started a race riot, terrorizing and killing a number of African Americans unconnected with Charles. The riots were stopped when a group of White businessmen quickly printed and nailed up flyers saying that if the rioting continued they would start passing out firearms to the Colored population for their self-defence.
In January 1961 a meeting of the city's white business leaders publicly endorsed desegregation of the city's public schools. That same year Victor H. Schiro became the city's first mayor of Italian-American ancestry.
In 1978, City Councilman Ernest N. Morial became the first person of African-American ancestry to be elected mayor of New Orleans.
The White League was a white paramilitary group which was established in 1874 in Louisiana
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